Structural adaptations of seven plant species to the environmental conditions of sand dunes in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Keywords:
dune vegetation, leaf morphology, leaf anatomy.Abstract
The coastal vegetation that occupies the area between the superior limit of the high tide and the dunes, known as halophyte-psammophyllous vegetation, is characterized by stressful environmental conditions such as high temperatures, sandy and well drained soils, winds and sea sprays, conditions seemingly responsible for the low species diversity in the area. In order to identify the strategies used by this vegetation to colonize and to survive in these
conditions, leaf morphology of seven species (Acicarpha spathulata R. Br.; Alternanthera maritima (Mart.) A. St.-Hil.; Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC.; Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam.; Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br.; Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears. and Remirea maritima Aubl.) which occur on Tabuleiro Beach, Barra Velha Municipality, SC, was studied. The characteristics analyzed are: life form, succulence degree, leaf thickness, leaf area, leaf specific area, dry weight, water content, stomata density and position, mesophyll type, and leaf blade tissue thickness. Most species have succulent leaves, nanophyll (small leaf area), amphistomatic leaves, thick (> 600 μm), water-storage tissue, and dorsiventral mesophyll with few intercellular spaces. Some leaf characteristics are peculiar to some of the species such as the presence of Kranz anatomy and microphyllous. The microphyllous leaves of H. bonariensis, C. rosae and I. pes-caprae are more vertically oriented in relation to the soil’s surface than the leaves of the remaining species. The morphological characteristics entioned
above are, apparently, strategies of the leaves to reduce water loss, and the effects of the high light intensity and temperatures during some hours of the day, mainly in the hottest months of the year, thus allowing greater efficiency in the physiological processes.
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