Characterization of stomata and glandular trichomes of Aloysia citriodora submitted to water stress and seasonal variation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21826/2446-82312026v81e20261042Palavras-chave:
epidermis, seasons, stomata, water availabilityResumo
The objective of this study was to evaluate the stomatal density and glandular trichomes as well as the morphometry of stomata of Aloysia citriodora leaves submitted to different water availability throughout the seasons. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under a randomized block design, composed of four water availability (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the field capacity) throughout the four seasons (autumn, winter, spring, and summer). We evaluated stomatal density and glandular trichomes, and stomatal morphometry (stomata length and width and stomata area). Stomatal density and stomatal morphometry were affected by the seasons, while water availability affected the glandular trichomes density throughout the seasons. There is a higher stomatal density in the spring, and lower in the winter. Winter and spring presented greater stomata length and stomata area. Glandular trichomes density increases in winter and summer under low water availability, with a higher density in the abaxial epidermis.
Downloads
Referências
Aguiar, T. V., Sant’anna-Santos, B. F., Azevedo, A. A. & Ferreira, R. S. 2007. ANATI QUANTI: software de análises quantitativas para estudos em anatomia vegetal. Planta daninha 25(4): 649-659.
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Moraes, G., Leonardo, J. & Sparovek, G. 2013. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22(6): 711-728.
Bahramsoltani, R., Rostamiasrabadi, P., Shahpiri, Z., Marques, A.M., Rahimi, R. & Farzaei, M.H. 2018. Aloysia citrodora Paláu (Lemon verbena): a review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of ethnopharmacology 222:34-51.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D. & Idaomar, M. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils – A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(2): 446-475.
Bartoli, G., Bottega, S., Forino, L. M. C., Ciccarelli, D. & Spanno, C. 2014. Plant adaptation to extreme enviroments: The example of Cistus salviifolius of an active geothermal alteration field. Comptes Rendus Biologies 337(2): 101-110.
Brant, R. S., Pinto, J. E. B. P., Bertolucci, S. K. V. & Albuquerque, C. J. B. 2008. Teor do óleo essencial de cidrão (Aloysia triphylla (L’Herit) Britton) em função da variação sazonal. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 10(2): 83-88.
Brant, R. S., Pinto, J. E. B. P., Bertolucci, S. K. V., Silva, A. D. & Albuquerque C. J. B. 2009. Teores do óleo essencial de cidrão [Aloysia triphylla (L’Hérit) Britton (Verbenaceae)] em diferentes horários de colheita e processamentos pós-colheita. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 33: 2065-2068.
Bucher, S. F., Auerswald, K., Grün-Wenzel, C., Higgins, S. I., Jorge, J. G. & Römermann, C. 2017. Stomatal traits relate to habitat preferences of herbaceous species in a temperate climate. Flora 229:107-115.
Campbell, D. R., Wu, C. A. & Travers, S. E. 2010. Photosynthetic and growth responses of reciprocal hybrids to variation in water and nitrogen availability. American Journal of Botany 97(6): 925-93.
Campos, M. L., Almeida, M., Rossi, M. L., Martinelli, A. P., Litholdo, J. R. C. G., Figueira, A., Rampelotti-Ferreira, F. T., Vendramim, J. D., Benedito, V. A. & Peres, L. E. P. 2009. Brassinosteroids interact negatively with jasmonates in the formation of anti-herbivory traits in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany 60(15): 4347-4361.
Carnat, A., Carnat, A. P., Fraisse, D. & Lamaison, J. L. 1999. The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon verbena tea. Fitoterapia 70(1): 44-49.
Cruz, C. D. 2013. GENES - a software package for analysis in experimental statistics and quantitative genetics. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 35(3): 271-276.
Cui, H., Zhang, S. T., Yang, H. J., Ji, H. & Wang, X. 2011. Gene expression profile analysis of tobacco leaf trichomes. Biomed Central plant biology 11(1): 1-10.
Doheny-Adams, T., Hunt, L., Franks, P. J., Beerling, D. J. & Gray, J. E. 2012. Genetic manipulation of stomatal density influences stomatal size, plant growth and tolerance to restricted water supply across a growth carbon dioxide gradient. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 367(1588): 547-555.
Drake, P. L., Froend, R. H. & Franks, P. J. 2013. Smaller, faster stomata: scaling of stomatal size, rate of response, and stomatal conductance. Journal of Experimental Botany 64(2): 495-505.
Ehleringer, J. R. & Mooney, H. A. 1978. Leaf hairs: effect on physiological activity and adaptative value to a desert shrub. Oecologia 37(2): 183-200.
Feijó, E. V. D. S., Oliveira, R. A. D. & Costa, L. C. D. B. 2014. Light affects Varronia curassavica essential oil yield by increasing trichomes frequency. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 24(5): 516-523.
ermino Jr, P. C. P. & Fockink, G. D. 2017. Leaf anatomy of young plants of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hill.) under different shading levels. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis 16(3): 335-341.
Gattuso, S., Van Baren, C. M., Gil, A., Bandoni, A., Ferraro, G. & Gattuso, M. 2008. Morpho-histological and quantitative parameters in the characterization of lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora Palau) from Argentina. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 7(4): 190-198.
Hamed, S. B., Lefi, E. & Chaieb, M. 2016. Physiological responses of Pistacia vera L. versus Pistacia atlantica Desf. to water stress conditions under arid bioclimate in Tunisia. Scientia Horticulturae 203: 224-230.
Hu, L., Wang, Z. & Huang, B. 2010. Diffusion limitations and metabolic factors associated with inhibition and recovery of photosynthesis from drought stress in a C3 perennial grass species. Physiologia Plantarum 139(1): 93-106.
Karabourniotis, G., Liakopoulos, G., Nikolopoulos, D., & Bresta, P. 2020. Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses: Structure–function coordination. Journal of Forestry Research 31(1): 1-12.
Karnovsky, M. J. 1965. A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. The Journal of Cell Biology 27: 127-128.
Lange, B. M., & Srividya, N. 2019. Enzymology of monoterpene functionalization in glandular trichomes. Journal of experimental botany 70(4): 1095-1108.
Laza, M. R. C., Kondo, M., Ideta, O., Barlaan, E. & Imbe, T. 2010. Quantitative trait loci for stomatal density and size in lowland rice. Euphytica 172(2): 149-158.
Lee, H., Feakin, S. J. & Sternberg, L. S. L. 2016. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic effects of stomatal density in Arabidopsis thaliana. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 179:275-286.
Li, C., Nong, Q., Solanki, M. K., Liang, Q., Xie, J., Liu, X., Li, Y., Wang, W., Yang, L. & Li, Y. 2016. Differential expression profiles and pathways of genes in sugarcane leaf at elongation stage in response to drought stress. Scientific Reports 6:1-11.
Lima, M. L. P., Lopes, C.A. & Café Filho, A. C. 2010. Padrão estomático de Capsicum ssp. resistentes e suscetíveis a Oidiopsis haplophylli. Summa Phytopathologica 36(1): 25-29.
Maffei, M. E. 2010. Sites of synthesis, biochemistry and functional role of plant volatiles. South African Journal of Botany 76(4): 612-631.
Makbul, S., Güler, N. S., Durmuş, N. & Güven, S. 2011. Changes in anatomical and physiological parameters of soybean under drought stress. Turkish Journal of Botany 35(4): 369-377.
Meira, M. R., Melo, M. T. P., Martins, E. R., Silva Pinto, M. J. & Santana, C. S. 2013. Crescimento vegetativo, produção de fitomassa e de óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação. Ciência Rural 43(5): 779-785.
Paulus, D., Valmorbida, R., Toffoli, E. & Nava, G. A. 2013. Teor e composição química de óleo essencial de cidró em função da sazonalidade e horário de colheita. Horticultura Brasileira 31(2): 203-209.
Pearce, D. W., Millard, S., Bray, D. F. & Rood, S. B. 2006. Stomatal characteristics of riparian poplar species in a semi-arid environment. Tree Physiology 26(2): 211-218.
Pinheiro, R. R., Pinheiro, M. V. M., Thiesen, L. A., Diel, M. I., dos Santos, J., Caron, B.O. & Schmidt, D. 2020. The use of photoselective nets affects the leaf characteristics of lettuce cultivars. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 26(4): 777-786.
Pociecha, E., Rapacz, M., Dziurka, M. & Kolasinska, I. 2016. Mechanisms involved in the regulation of photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate partitioning in response to low- and high-temperature flooding triggered in winter rye (Secale cereale) lines with distinct pink snow mold resistances. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 104:45-53.
Potters, G., Pasternak, T. P., Guisez, Y., Palme, K. J. & Jansen, M. A. 2007. Stress-induced morphogenic responses: growing out of trouble? Trends in Plant Science 12(3): 98-105.
Santana-Vieira, D. D. S., Freschi, L., Hora Almeida, L. A., Moraes, D. H. S., Neves, M., Santos, L. M., Bertolde, F. Z., Filho, W. S. S., Filho, M. A. & Gesteira, A. S. 2016. Survival strategies of citrus rootstocks subjected to drought. Scientific reports 6(1): 1-12.
Schmidt, D., Caron, B. O., Pilau, J., Nardino, M. & Elli, E. F. 2017. Morfoanatomia foliar de azevém no sub-bosque de espécies arbóreas em sistemas agroflorestais. Revista Ceres 64(4): 368-375.
Spinelli, G. M., Snyder, R. L., Sanden, B. L. & Shackel, K. A. 2016. Water stress causes stomatal closure but does not reduce canopy evapotranspiration in almond. Agricultural Water Management 1681:1-22.
Stratmann, J. W. & Bequette, C. J. 2016. Hairless but no longer clueless: understanding glandular trichome development. Journal of Experimental Botany 67(18): 5285-5287.
Vatén, A. & Bergmann, D. C. 2012. Mechanisms of stomatal development: an evolutionary view. EvoDevo 3(1): 1-9.
Vráblová, M., Hronková, M., Vrábl, D., Kubásek, J. & Šantrůček, J. 2018. Light intensity-regulated stomatal development in three generations of Lepidium sativum. Environmental and Experimental Botany 156: 316-324.
Weyers, J. D. B. & Johansen, L. G. 1985. Accurate estimation of stomatal aperture from silicone-rubber impressions. New Phytologist 101(1): 109-115.
Zaharah, S. S. & Razi, I. M. 2009. Growth, stomata aperture, biochemical changes and branch anatomy in mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Chokanan in response to root restriction and water stress. Scientia Horticulturae 123(1): 58-67.
Zhang, W., Hu, H. & Zhang, S. B. 2016. Divergent Adaptive Strategies by Two Co-occurring Epiphytic Orchids to Water Stress: Escape or Avoidance? Frontiers in Plant Science 7:1-11.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Iheringia. Série Botânica.
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
