Anatomy of Rhipsalis subgenus Erythrorhipsalis A. Berger (Rhipsalideae, Cactaceae).
Keywords:
Atlantic forest, epiphytism, stem, synapomorphies, taxonomy.Abstract
The goal of the present study was the anatomical analysis of the species belonging to the subgenus Erythrorhipsalis aiming to identify diagnostic features and potential synapomorphies. Six out of the nine species were collected and processed for anatomical study. The species have uniseriate or multisseriate epidermis; parallelocytic stomata; collenchymatic hypodermis; chlorenchyma below hypodermis; mucilaginous cells, cortical bundles and druses are present in the cortex; the vascular cylinder is surrounded by a continuous layer of sclerenchyma external to the collapsed phloem; secondary phloem and xylem are present. Several features are informative for distinguishing species, with potential use in the group phylogeny. We highlight the shape of epidermal cells, the presence and arrangement of sclerenchyma in cortex and pith, the occurrence of mucilage secretory structures in the pith, and the disposition of unlignifi ed parenchyma in the secondary xylem.
Downloads
References
Anderson, E.F. 1987. A revision of the genus Thelocactus B. & R. (Cactaceae). Bradleya, 5:49-76.
Anderson, E.F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland, EUA. 776 p.
Barthlott, W. & Taylor, N.P. 1995. Notes towards a monograph of Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae). Bradleya, 13:43-79.
Boeger, M.R.T., Soffi atti, P., Souto, M.A.G., Budchen, M., Bagatini, K.P. & Dalforno, M. 2010. Functional morphology of two Lepismium species (Rhipsalideae, Cactaceae). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81:393-400.
Calvente, A. 2012. A new subgeneric classifi cation of Rhipsalis (Cactoideae, Cactaceae). Systematic Botany 37(4):983-988.
Calvente, A., Andreata, R.H.P. & Vieira, R.C. 2008. Stem anatomy of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) and its relevance for taxonomy. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 276(1- 2):1-7.
Calvente, A., Zappi, D.C., Forest, F. & Lohmann, L.G. 2011a. Molecular phylogeny of tribe Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae) and taxonomic implications for Schlumbergera and Hatiora. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58:456-468.
Calvente, A., Zappi, D.C., Forest, F. & Lohmann, L.G. 2011b. Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 172(7):902- 914.
Carlquist, S. 2001. Comparative wood anatomy: systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of Dicotyledon Wood. 2a. Edição. Springer Verlag, Berlin. 448 p.
Cassimiro, R.C.L. & Melo-de-Pinna, G.F.A. 2011. Morphoanatomical variations during stem development in some epiphytic Cactaceae. The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 138(1):16-25.
Dettke, G.A. & Milaneze- Gutierre, M. A. 2008. Anatomia caulinar de espécies epífi tas de Cactaceae, subfamília Cactoideae. Hoehnea, 35(4):583-595.
Eggli, U.R.S. 1984. Stomatal types of Cactaceae. Plant Systematic and Evolution, 146:197-214.
Fahn, A. & Cutler, D.F. 1992. Xerophytes. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin & Sttutgart. 176 p.
Feder, N. & O’Brien, T.P. 1968. Plant microtechnique: some principles new methods. American Journal of Botany, 55:123-142.
Franceschi, V.R. & Horner Junior, H.T. 1980. Calcium oxalate crystals in plants. Botanical Review, 46:361- 427.
Franklin, G.L. 1945. Preparation of thin sections of synthetic resins and wood-resin composites, and a new macerating method for wood. Nature, 155(3924):51.
Garcia, S.L.F.P. 2011. Morfologia funcional de duas espécies epífi tas de Cactaceae. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.
Gibson, A.C. 1973. Comparative anatomy of secondary xylem in Cactoideae (Cactaceae). Biotropica, 5(1):29- 65.
Gibson, A.C. 1977. Wood anatomy of Opuntias with cylindrical to globular stems. Botanical Gazette, 138:334-351.
Gibson, A.C. 1978. Dimorphism of secondary xylem in two species of cacti. Flora, 167:403-408.
Gibson, A.C. & Horak, K.E. 1978. Systematic anatomy and phylogeny of Mexican columnar Cacti. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden, 65(4):999-1057.
Gibson, A.C. & Nobel, P.S. 1986. The Cactus primer. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. 246 p.
Helbsing, S., Riederer, M. & Zotz, G. 2000. Cuticles of vascular epiphytes: effi cient barriers for water loss after stomatal closure? Annals of Botany, 86:765-769.
Herrera-Cárdenas, R., Terrazas, T. & Loza-Cornejo, S. 2000. Anatomía comparada del tallo y de la raíz de las especies del género Neoevansia Marshall (Cactaceae). Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México, 67:7-15.
Hunt, D., Taylor, N. & Charles, G. 2006. The new cactus lexicon. Dh books, UK. Páginas? Johansen, D.A. 1940. Plant microtechique. New York: Mc Graw Hill Book. 523 p.
Korotkova, N., Borsch, T., Quandt, D., Taylor, N.P., Müller, K.F. & Barthlott, W. 2011. What does it take to resolve relationships and to identify species with molecular markers? An example from the epiphytic
Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae). American Journal of Botany, 98(9):1549-1572.
Loza-Cornejo, S. & Terrazas, T. 2003. Epidermal and hypodermal characteristics in Northican Cactoideae (Cactaceae). Journal of Plant Research, 116:27-35.
Mauseth, J.D. 1989. Comparative structure-function studies within a strongly dimorphic plant, Melocactus intortus (Cactaceae). Bradleya, 7:1-12.
Mauseth, J.D. 1993. Water-storing and cavitationpreventing adaptations in wood of cacti. Annals of Botany, 72: 81-89.
Mauseth, J.D. 1996. Comparative anatomy of tribes Cereeae and Browningieae (Cactaceae). Bradleya, 14:66-81.
Mauseth, J.D. 2006. Structure-function relationships in highly modifi ed shoots of Cactaceae. Annals of Botany, 98:901-926.
Mauseth, J.D. & Plemons-Rodriguez, B.J. 1998. Evolution of extreme xeromorphic characters in wood: a study of nine evolutionary lines in Cactaceae. American Journal of Botany, 85(2):209-218.
Mauseth, J.D. & Ross, R. 1988. Systematic anatomy of the primitive cereoid cactus Leptocereus quadricostatus. Bradleya, 6:49-64.
Mauseth, J.D. & Sajeva, M. 1992. Cortical bundles in the persistent, photosynthetic stems of cacti. Annals of Botany, 70:317-324.
Morris, M.W., Stern, W.L. & Judd, W. S. 1996. Vegetative anatomy and systematic of subtribe Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society, 120:89-114.
Nyffeler, R. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/matK and trnL-trnF sequences. American Journal of Botany, 89:312–326.
Paiva, E.A.S. & Machado, S.R. 2005. Role of intermediary cells in Peltodon radicans (Lamiaceae) in the transfer of calcium and formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48:147-153.
Paiva, J.G.A., Fank-de-Carvalho, S.M., Magalhães, M.P., Graciano- Ribeiro, D. 2006. Verniz vitral incolor 500®: uma alternativa de meio de montagem economicamente viável. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 20(2):257-264.
Richter, H.G. 1977. Differential staining of oil and mucilage in idioblasts of Lauraceae. IAWA Bulletin, 4:76.
Schumann, K.M. 1899. Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen. Neudamm, Germany. 832p.
Soffi atti, P. & Angyalossy-Alfonso, V. 2003. Stem anatomy of Cipocereus Ritter (Cactaceae). Bradleya, 21:39-48.
Soffi atti, P. & Angyalossy-Alfonso, V. 2005. Wood anatomy in Cipocereus Ritter (Cactaceae). IAWA Journal, 26(3):299-308.
Soffi atti, P. & Angyalossy, V. 2007. Anatomy of Brazilian Cereeae (subfamily Cactoideae, Cactaceae): Stem of Arrojadoa Britton & Rose, Stephanocereus A. Berger and Brasilicereus Backeberg. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 21(4):813-822.
Soffi atti, P. & Angyalossy, V. 2009. Increased water storage capacity in cactus wood: a study in the tribe Cereeae (Cactoideae, Cactaceae). Haseltonia, 15:1-6.
Statsoft, Inc. Statistica (data analysis software system), version 8.0, 2007. http://www.statsoft.com Taylor, N.P. 1997. Cactaceae. In Cactus and Succulent Plants – Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (S. Oldfi eld, ed.). Species Survival Comission/Cactus and Succulent Specialist Group Species, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 214p.
Terrazas, T. & Arias, S. 2003. Comparative stem anatomy in the subfamily Cactoideae. Botanical Review, 68(4):444-473.
Terrazas, T. & Mauseth, J.D. 2002. Shoot anatomy and morphology. In Cacti: biology and uses (P.S. Nobel, ed.). University of California Press, Berkley, p. 23-40.
Wallace, R.S. & Gibson, A.C. 2002. Evolution and Systematics. In Cacti: biology and uses (P.S. Nobel,
